What are the common symptoms of fluid volume overload?

Fluid volume overload occurs when there is an excessive amount of fluid in the body, often leading to several physiological responses and symptoms. The correct choice highlights common manifestations that are typically associated with this condition.

Edema refers to the accumulation of fluid in the tissues, which is a direct consequence of excess fluid in the circulatory system. It often presents as swelling, particularly in areas such as the legs, ankles, and feet. Additionally, the increase in blood volume from fluid overload can lead to elevated blood pressure, a condition where the heart has to work harder to pump the extra volume effectively through the arteries.

Shortness of breath, or dyspnea, is another symptom that may arise from fluid overload. This occurs because excess fluid can accumulate in the lungs, leading to pulmonary congestion, which hampers normal breathing and gas exchange.

Considering other options, weight loss and fatigue may indicate dehydration or malnourishment rather than overload. Dehydration and dry skin are symptoms of fluid deficiency, not an excess. Likewise, increased appetite and excessive urination are not consistent with fluid overload; these symptoms typically reflect states of fluid depletion or other metabolic processes rather than an excess of fluid.

The highlighted symptoms in the correct choice align well with the clinical presentation of