What does the term "orthostatic hypotension" describe?

Orthostatic hypotension refers specifically to a drop in blood pressure that occurs when an individual transitions from a sitting or lying position to standing. This phenomenon can happen because the act of standing can lead to a temporary decrease in blood flow to the brain due to gravity, as the blood vessels may not react quickly enough to maintain adequate blood pressure. As a result, the person may experience symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or even fainting.

The other options do not accurately reflect the definition of orthostatic hypotension. A sudden increase in blood pressure is not indicative of this condition, nor does it relate to the specific changes that occur when standing. Additionally, a consistent blood pressure reading does not apply since orthostatic hypotension is characterized by variability with position changes, and blood pressure stabilization is unrelated to the condition as it focuses on maintaining pressure rather than the fluctuations associated with changing body positions.