What is a priority nursing intervention for a patient experiencing an asthma attack?

Administering bronchodilators as prescribed is the priority nursing intervention for a patient experiencing an asthma attack. During an asthma attack, the airways become constricted, resulting in difficulty breathing due to bronchospasm and increased mucus production. Bronchodilators work by relaxing the muscles around the airways, thereby widening them and improving airflow. This action provides immediate relief of symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.

While encouraging relaxation techniques might promote comfort, it does not directly address the immediate physiological issues causing the asthma attack. Antibiotics are not appropriate unless there is an indication of a bacterial infection, which is not typically involved in an asthma attack. Offering supplemental oxygen can be beneficial as well, but it should be done in accordance with a physician's order to ensure that it is appropriate for the patient’s condition. Thus, bronchodilators represent the most effective and urgent intervention for relieving the acute symptoms of an asthma attack.