What is the primary risk associated with high-flow oxygen therapy?

High-flow oxygen therapy primarily poses the risk of oxygen toxicity, which occurs when a patient is exposed to elevated levels of oxygen for prolonged periods. The body can only handle a certain amount of oxygen at a time; excess oxygen can lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species. These reactive molecules can ultimately damage lung tissue and lead to complications such as pulmonary inflammation and symptoms similar to acute respiratory distress syndrome.

This risk is particularly relevant in cases where high-flow oxygen is administered continuously, as in critically ill patients. Monitoring is essential to prevent oxygen toxicity, ensuring that patients receive the therapeutic benefits of oxygen without experiencing adverse effects.