When is it inappropriate to use hand sanitizer?

Using hand sanitizer when hands are visibly soiled is inappropriate because hand sanitizers are designed to reduce the number of germs on the skin but are not effective at removing dirt, grease, or organic matter. When hands are dirty, especially if they are visibly soiled from food, dirt, or bodily fluids, washing with soap and water is essential. This physical action helps to remove debris and pathogens much more effectively than sanitizer can.

In contrast, after using the restroom, before eating, and after coughing or sneezing, using hand sanitizer is generally appropriate in cases where soap and water are not readily available, as it can still help to reduce the microbial load on the hands and prevent the spread of germs.