Which common side effect should nurses monitor in patients taking opioid analgesics?

Patients taking opioid analgesics are often monitored for constipation as a common side effect due to the way opioids affect the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Opioids work by binding to specific receptors in the central nervous system and in the GI tract, leading to decreased peristalsis and slower transit time through the intestines. This can result in reduced bowel movement frequency and harder stools, making constipation a prevalent concern for those on these medications.

While nausea and drowsiness can also occur with opioid use, constipation is particularly significant because it can lead to discomfort and more serious complications like bowel obstruction if not appropriately managed. Diarrhea is typically not a side effect associated with opioid use; in fact, opioids are more likely to have the opposite effect on gut motility. Therefore, the focus on monitoring for constipation is crucial for maintaining patient comfort and preventing further complications while they receive opioid analgesic treatment.